The first industrial applications were performed in the ophthalmic field (Sweden), and in the dermatological field for burn damage (Italy).
Pharmaceutical companies, requiring industrial quantities of HA, opted to use a product of animal origin obtained from coxcombs. More recently, with the advent of biotechnology, the industry has obtained this substance from a specific bacterium (microbial production), leading to evident improvements in quality (no more risk of viral infection).
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